Trends in Carbon Dioxide Liquefaction and Purification

With few exceptions, carbon dioxide (CO2) delivered to most markets is in a liquid form, and when producing most product for most of the markets, purification is also an essential component.

The merchant CO2 industry would account for over 100 liquid plants domestically, which generally meet ISBT (International Society of Beverage Technologists) standards for quality, typical of what is required to supply to the beverage sector.

There are captive plants which supply the oilfield sector, which are not as tuned to quality as would merchant plants where, in rare cases, some plants have been designated only for frac grade quality…