Cold Comfort

USP grade carbon dioxide is carving a growing niche as biomedical applications march forward, Sam A. Rushing explains.

Carbon dioxide is a liquefied gas refined, and sourced from a handful of chemical, energy, and natural sources. The sources are primarily from fermentation by-product in industrial ethanol production, a by-product of anhydrous ammonia production, and reformer off-gas in refineries. CO2 is also sourced from naturally occurring geologic domes. A few other source types exist, such as flue gas from cogeneration, titanium dioxide and ethylene oxide production…